Court-Martial Trial Practice Blog

Interrogation and False Confessions in Rape Cases

December 19, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

I have used the title of a new paper by Prof. Richard Leo.

Of the 1,705 post-conviction DNA and non-DNA exonerations that have occurred from 1989 to the end of 2015, approximately 13 percent of these wrongful convictions were due to false confessions, and virtually all of these occurred in either homicide or rape cases. This chapter discusses why false confessions occur and discusses the ways that law enforcement training can be modified to avoid false confessions. False confessions primarily occur due to a lack of proper training, poor investigative practices, and the use of scientifically invalidated and/or high risk interrogation techniques and strategies. To safeguard against false confessions, the author argues that investigators should receive training on the following topics: 1) the existence, variety, causes and psychology of false confessions; 2) the indicia of reliable and unreliable statements and how to distinguish between them; 3) the need to obtain corroborating evidence to verify suspects’ confessions; and 4) avoidance of inadvertent contamination of interrogations by disclosure of non-public case facts to suspects.

Leo, Richard A., Interrogation and False Confessions in Rape Cases (December 2015). in Robert Hazelwood and Ann Burgess, eds., PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF RAPE INVESTIGATION: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH (CRC Press, 5th ed., 2016 Forthcoming); Univ. of San Francisco Law Research Paper . Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2700410

Pardons and clemency

December 18, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

The news today is of President Obama’s 18 December 2015 pardons and clemency actions.

Of the many, a quick look does not show any from court-martial convicted applicants.

Pardon Attorney.

Neglecting the rights of an accused–WTR

December 12, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

We are all familiar of Congressional and command efforts to address military sexual assaults. Many of the revisions to the UCMJ and the MCM flowing from these efforts are appropriate, reasonable, or meaningless.

However, what does appear consistent is the failure of Congress to recognize that it has a concomitant duty to the accused to ensure that his trial is fair both in procedure and substance. Unlike the congressional committees on the judiciary, the committees on the armed services have a more direct and at times intrusive influence on the military judicial system once enacted. For example, the controls the Congress has on United States Attorneys (USA) and federal judges are much more limited than the direct and palpable influence of Congress on the commanders, prosecutors, and judges in the military justice system. We are all aware of the perceptional punitive actions taken against two senior Air Force commanders for decisions in sexual assault cases, the results of which certain members of Congress disliked. This is because military participants in the military justice system are subject to Congressional control over their promotions and in some cases their duty assignments. Not so the USA.

The concern, of course, is the potential for false accusations of sexual assault and congressional hands-on interference in an effort to prejudge and require convictions regardless of the complaints merit. That may seem to be hyperbole on my part, but that is very clearly my perception and the perception of many others who are involved in the system on a daily basis. I have said before that the failure to address the potential for false accusations harms actual victims, the accused, the accused’s wife, the accused’s children, and military unit morale.

Schloff v. United States–petition filed.

December 12, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

Here is the petition for a writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court in:

Schloff v. United States.

The CAAF opinion is here.

Bergdahl and Serial Season 2

December 10, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

NBC reports that SGT B. Bergdahl is the subject of the second Season, and the first pod is available today.

http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/bowe-bergdahl-released/serial-season-2-debuts-bowe-bergdahl-telling-desertion-story-n477596

The popular podcast “Serial” launched its second season Thursday, shining a spotlight on the mysterious disappearance of U.S. Army Sgt. Bowe Berghdahl — and allowing him to be heard publicly for the first time since he was freed by the Taliban in May 2014.

Put pen to paper, or tap a few keys

December 9, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

It’s called a pen or keys on a computer keyboard–use one or two, or three, or . . . .

Senators demand transparency in US military justice system

These words are great. They should be acted upon. Senators ACT. Can you perhaps put something in the next NDAA or get some sort of exception to FOIA?

What do I say to you?

December 8, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

Stars & Stripes reports:

If I were Petraeus’s lawyer or your lawyer and got a similar result I’d be ecstatic, as would you be.

But the other part of me asks what I should tell you the young enlisted client, the NCO, the junior officer, the senior officer, in a similar situation. I fear you will not be so lucky. I’m not talking about the adultery here–that’s subject to the rule of de minimis non curat lex in my mind. But the mishandling of classified material for personal use?

Interesting AFCCA comment on adultery

December 4, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

Although we question the prosecutorial judgment in charging adultery in conjunction with an instance of sexual assault, we find the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to sustain the conviction in this particular case. Article 66(c), UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 866(c).

United States v. Dockery, No. 38624, n. 1 (A.F. Ct. Crim. App. 2 December 2015).

The military’s charging of adultery along with sexual assault allegations has been the topic of some derision over the years. The reason for the charge is several-fold.

Interesting data?

December 3, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

In preparing the petition for Schloff, we looked to the amount of cases coming through the system related to prosecutions under UCMJ art. 120.

The Army is “reporting” about 60% of cases for last year were sexual assault/120 cases. We have not been able to gain similar “information” from the Air Force or Department of the Navy. Anyone know?

Private search of computers

December 3, 2015 | The Law Office of Philip D. Cave

How many times do we see the private search as an issue. The upset spouse searches the computer to find evidence of infidelity, the Sailor’s friend or roommate comes across contraband CP on a computer and looks further, etc., etc., etc.

A responsible law enforcer would take the information to get a search warrant or command search authorization. But that doesn’t always happen. What does happen is that the law enforcer or someone in command goes and looks for themselves. The question then becomes whether that is a search or is it a continuation of a private search. If a private searcher shows the law enforcer exactly what they saw and that alone, there may not be an unlawful search. But what happens if the law enforcer does more than strictly replicate what the private searcher did. So Orin Kerr has some information for us in the Washington Post.

[T]he 11th Circuit handed down a new computer search decision,United States v. Johnson, that both sharpens and deepens the circuit split on how the private search doctrine of the Fourth Amendment applies to computers. Johnson isn’t a likely candidate for Supreme Court review. But it does leave the private search doctrine in computer searches ripe for Supreme Court review in other cases working their way through the courts.